| Allspice 1 teaspoon ~ 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, and 1/4 teaspoon cloves |
| Arrowroot starch 1 teaspoon ~ 1 tablespoon flour, or ~ 1 teaspoon cornstarch |
| Baking mix 1 cup ~ 1 cup pancake mix
or ~ 1 cup Easy Biscuit Mixture |
| Baking powder 1 teaspoon ~ 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus
1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar or ~ 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup
buttermilk (decrease liquid in recipe by 1/2 cup) |
| Brandy 1/4 cup ~ 1 teaspoon imitation
brandy extract plus enough water to make 1/4 cup |
| Brown sugar 1 cup packed ~ 1 cup white sugar plus 1/4 cup
molasses and decrease the liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup or ~ 1 cup white
sugar or ~ 1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar |
| Butter (salted) 1 cup ~ 1 cup margarine
or ~ 1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt or ~ 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus
1/2 teaspoon salt or ~ 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Butter (unsalted) 1 cup ~ 1 cup shortening or ~ 7/8 cup
vegetable oil or ~ 7/8 cup lard |
| Buttermilk 1 cup ~ 1 cup yogurt or ~ 1
tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup |
| Chocolate (semisweet) 1 ounce ~ 1 (1 ounce) square of
unsweetened chocolate plus 4 teaspoons sugar or~ 1 ounce semisweet
chocolate chips plus 1 teaspoon shortening |
| Chocolate (unsweetened) 1 ounce ~ 3
tablespoons unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tablespoon shortening or vegetable oil |
| Cocoa 1/4 cup ~ 1 (1 ounce) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Corn syrup 1 cup ~ 1 1/4 cup white sugar
plus 1/3 cup water or ~ 1 cup honey or ~ 1 cup light treacle syrup |
| Cream (half and half) 1 cup ~ 7/8 cup milk plus 1 tablespoon butter |
| Cream (heavy) 1 cup ~ 1 cup evaporated
milk or ~ 3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter |
| Cream (light) 1 cup ~ 1 cup evaporated milk or ~ 3/4 cup
milk plus 3 tablespoons butter |
| Cream (whipped) 1 cup ~ 1 cup frozen
whipped topping, thawed |
| Cream cheese 1 cup shredded ~ 1 cup pureed cottage cheese
or ~ 1 cup plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth |
| Cream of tartar 1 teaspoon ~ 2 teaspoons
lemon juice or vinegar |
| Crème fraiche 1 cup ~ Combine 1 cup of heavy cream and 1
tablespoon of plain yogurt. Let stand for 6 hours at room temperature |
| Egg 1 whole ~ (3 tablespoons) 2 1/2
tablespoons of powdered egg substitute plus 2 1/2 tablespoons water or ~
1/4 cup liquid egg substitute or ~ 1/4 cup silken tofu pureed or ~ 3
tablespoons mayonnaise or ~ 1/2 a banana mashed with 1/2 teaspoon baking
powder or ~ 1 tablespoon powdered flax seed soaked in 3 tablespoons water |
| Evaporated milk 1 cup ~ 1 cup light cream |
| Flour - Cake 1 cup ~ 1 cup all-purpose
flour minus 2 tablespoons |
| Hazelnuts 1 cup whole ~ 1 cup macadamia nuts or ~ 1 cup almonds |
| Honey 1 cup 1 ~ 1/4 cup white
sugar plus 1/3 cup water or ~ 1 cup corn syrup or ~ 1 cup light treacle syrup |
| Lemon juice 1 teaspoon ~ 1/2 teaspoon vinegar or ~ 1
teaspoon white wine or ~ 1 teaspoon lime juice |
| Lemon zest 1 teaspoon ~ 1/2 teaspoon
lemon extract or ~ 2 tablespoons lemon juice |
| Lime juice 1 teaspoon ~ 1 teaspoon vinegar or ~ 1 teaspoon
white wine or ~ 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Lime zest 1 teaspoon ~ 1 teaspoon lemon zest |
| Macadamia nuts 1 cup ~ 1 cup almonds or ~ 1 cup hazelnuts |
| Margarine 1 cup ~ 1 cup shortening plus
1/2 teaspoon salt or ~ 1 cup butter or ~ 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2
teaspoon salt or ~ 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Mayonnaise 1 cup ~ 1 cup sour cream or ~ 1 cup plain yogurt |
| Milk - whole 1 cup ~ 1 cup soy milk or ~ 1
cup rice milk or ~ 1 cup water or juice or ~ 1/4 cup dry milk powder plus 1
cup water or ~ 2/3 cup evaporated milk plus 1/3 cup water |
| Mint - fresh 1/4 cup chopped ~ 1 tablespoon dried mint leaves |
| Molasses 1 cup mix together ~ 3/4 cup
brown sugar and 1 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| Orange juice 1 tablespoon ~ 1 tablespoon other citrus juice |
| Orange zest 1 tablespoon ~ 1/2 teaspoon
orange extract or ~ 1 teaspoon lemon juice |
| Raisin 1 cup ~ 1 cup dried currants or ~ 1 cup dried
cranberries or ~ 1 cup chopped pitted prunes |
| Rum 1 tablespoon ~ 1/2 teaspoon rum
extract, plus enough water to make 1 tablespoon |
| Semisweet chocolate chips 1 cup ~ 1 cup chocolate candies
or ~ 1 cup peanut butter or other flavored chips or ~ 1 cup chopped nuts or ~
1 cup chopped dried fruit |
| Sour cream 1 cup ~ 1 cup plain yogurt or ~
1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough cream to make 1 cup or ~
3/4 cup buttermilk mixed with 1/3 cup butter |
| Sweetened condensed milk 1 (14 ounce) can ~ 3/4 cup white
sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 1/8 cups dry powdered milk - Bring
to a boil, and cook, stirring frequently until thickened, about 20 minutes |
| Vegetable oil - for baking 1 cup ~ 1 cup
applesauce or ~ 1 cup fruit puree |
| Vinegar 1 teaspoon ~ 1 teaspoon lemon or lime juice or ~ 2
teaspoons white wine |
| White sugar 1 cup ~ 1 cup brown sugar or ~
1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar or ~ 3/4 cup honey or ~ 3/4 cup corn syrup |
| Yogurt 1 cup ~ 1 cup sour cream or ~ 1 cup buttermilk or ~ 1 cup sour milk |
- Substitutions for Wine and Liquor in Cooking
(Eve: When a recipe calls for some sort of wine or liquor, and it is either not available or not appropriate for use, the following substitutions may be helpful.)
* If the recipe calls for 2 tablespoons Grand Marnier or other orange-flavored liqueur, substitute 2 tablespoons unsweetened orange juice concentrate or 2 tablespoons orange juice and 1/2 teaspoon orange extract.
* For 2 tablespoons Amaretto, substitute ¼ to ½ teaspoon almond extract.
* For 2 tablespoons sherry or bourbon, substitute 1 to 2 teaspoons vanilla extract.
* For 2 tablespoons Kahlua, coffee, or chocolate-flavored liqueur, substitute 1/2 to 1 teaspoon chocolate extract plus 1/2 to 1 teaspoon instant coffee in 2 tablespoons water.
* For 1/4 cup or more of port wine, sweet sherry, brandy, or fruit-flavored liqueur, substitute an equal measure of unsweetened orange, apple or pineapple juice plus 1 teaspoon of corresponding flavored extract or vanilla extract.
* For 1/4 cup or more of white wine, substitute an equal measure of white grape juice or apple juice. (Try also: chicken broth or bouillon, ginger ale, or diluted cider or white wine vinegar.)
* For 1/4 cup or more of red wine, substitute an equal measure of red grape juice or cranberry juice. (Try also: tomato juice, diluted cider or red wine vinegar, beef broth or bullion.)
* Other substitutions include chicken broth, beef broth, vegetable broth, flavored vinegars, fruit juices, and apple cider.
For beer or ale … try chicken broth, white grape juice or ginger ale.
For rum … use pineapple juice or syrup, flavored with almond extract.
For Kirsch … use syrup or juice from black cherries, raspberries, boysenberries, currants or grapes.
For Cognac … juice from peaches, apricots or pears.
For Cointreau … orange juice or frozen orange juice concentrate.
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Substitutes for Cake Recipes
